Book Review: The Rise and Evolution of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu: From Vale-Tudo, to Carlson Gracie, to its Democratization (by Robert Drysdale)

Robert Drysdale’s The Rise and Evolution of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is a compelling historical account that traces the transformation of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) from its roots in vale-tudo (no-holds-barred fighting) through the influential Gracie family, to its current status as a global sport and martial art. Drawing on his expertise as a world champion and historian, Drysdale divides the book into four distinct eras, each representing a “wave” of practitioners from 1934 to the present, reflecting the art’s evolving cultural and technical landscape.

The book offers a deep dive into the pivotal role of vale-tudo in shaping the Gracie system, highlighting how practical combat needs pushed BJJ away from its judo origins. Central to the narrative is the family feud between Helio and Carlson Gracie, and the rivalry between Carlson and Rolls Gracie, which Drysdale argues were instrumental in modernizing and democratizing the art. Carlson’s emphasis on open competition and inclusivity is credited as a turning point, laying the groundwork for BJJ’s explosive global growth, especially after Royce Gracie’s UFC success in the 1990s.

Drysdale also examines the contributions of Carlos Gracie Jr. and the IBJJF in professionalizing and structuring the sport, while candidly addressing contemporary challenges as BJJ’s popularity brings both opportunities and risks of fragmentation.

Overall, Drysdale’s book is thorough, engaging, and well-researched, making it a must-read for martial arts enthusiasts and anyone interested in the rich, often dramatic history behind one of the world’s fastest-growing combat sports.

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